When we hear the word “Operating System†the first ones that come to our mind are those we experience/use in our day to day life, say, Windows XP, Linux, Ubuntu, Windows 7 for Computer systems, Android for mobiles and many more . We mainly know that operating systems are for computers. It is a […]
Similar to Atmel’s AVR studio, Microchip MPLAB is a feature rich IDE which integrates compiler tool-chains into the IDE itself and also supports proprietary programming devices and debuggers for the Microchip’s Controller family. Just if you have a microchip programmer such as Pickit2 or ICD2, then just plug it to the computer and all you
For the last 3 years or so, we have been providing great educational content on electronics for free through this website. We have hundreds of circuits and theoretical articles on various topics which you can freely use to learn. But “Electronics” is a vast and wide subject and there are plenty of areas that aren’t
Simple Frequency Counter You may have already seen various projects over many websites named Frequency counter, Digital Frequency Counter etc. I’m posting just another of them. Showing the use of timer/counter of AVR micro controller (Atmega8) in one of it’s form. This circuit can be used as a simple micro controller project for your engineering
Here in this article, I am planning to brief you through the Standard library of AVR-GCC. By the term “Standard Library” we mean the “Standard header” files like “stdio.h”, we commonly see in C programming language. Have you ever used String Formatting in ANSI C? Did you use Standard library functions? If you are familiar
Interfacing LCD Display in 8bit Mode I’ve already discussed about the LCD display in a note here in this website. You can read the Note on character LCD Display here. Now let us come to the interfacing side of LCD. Let us see the 8bit mode interfacing of the LCD display with an AVR micro
Timer Module: A Timer is a simple module included along with almost most of the microcontrollers. A timer can be used as a timer/counter. The size of the timer varies from controller to controller. The PIC16F84A has one 8 bit timer module. The very basic operation of a timer is to count and nothing else!.
Over years we have published a handful of voltage regulator circuits in this website – which serve many purposes. In this article I am compiling a quick list of the best voltage regulator circuits that will be useful for all of you. The term “Voltage Regulator” is some what general in nature – it can
At CircuitsToday, our vision is to freely distribute electronics knowledge. Now that means, we want any one with an interest in electronics to learn as much as he would like. We make this easy by giving away free content in the form of practical circuits and theoretical explanation. In a way we can be called
Half adder circuit. To understand what is a half adder you need to know what is an adder first. Adder circuit is a combinational digital circuit that is used for adding two numbers. A typical adder circuit produces a sum bit (denoted by S) and a carry bit (denoted by C) as the output. Typically
Over years we have developed a number of FM transmitter circuits with various aspects. Today I thought of listing all of them here as a single web page, so anyone can easily navigate through all the radio transmitter circuits and its schematic diagrams. For first time readers- What is an FM transmitter An FM transmitter
7 segment display. Seven segment display is a device that can display decimal numbers and are widely used in electronic clocks, electronic meters, digital display panels and a hand full of  applications where numerical data is  is displayed. The idea of seven segment display is very old and they are in the scenario from early
“Energy can be converted from one form to other form” – A generator does the same – it converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. Mechanical energy can be created by using water turbines, steam turbines, internal combustion engines etc. And a generator converts this mechanical energy to electrical energy. Generators can be broadly classified as
THX Audio Concept While sitting in a theater or in front of a home theater system we all have wished to get the best seat to get the best view and the surround sound effect. In the case of a speaker or any audio system there exists a spot called the sweet spot, where the
Hey guys, Ever thought how the world as we see it now evolved? How came great inventions and discoveries? What were the reasons behind all these great inventions like Diodes, Transistors, IC”s and Micro computers? Here we have developed an Infographics (representing information with the help of graphics) which shows the “History of Electronics”. Note:
In this article, learn about Ripple carry adder by learning the circuit. A ripple carry adder is an important digital electronics concept, essential in designing digital circuits. Ripple carry adder circuit. Multiple full adder circuits can be cascaded in parallel to add an N-bit number. For an N- bit parallel adder, there must be N number of
Cascode amplifier is a two stage circuit consisting of a transconductance amplifier followed by a buffer amplifier. The word “cascode” was originated from the phrase “cascade to cathode”. This circuit have a lot of advantages over the single stage amplifier like, better  input output isolation, better gain, improved bandwidth, higher input impedance, higher output impedance,
Piccolo Piccolo can be said as the perfect companion for a graphic designer or an engineer as it helps him to sketch his creativity. Piccolo is a small pocket sized robot which uses servo mechanism for developing and deploying the accurate 2D or 3D output. Like all other robots, this one also works according to
Lytro Light Field Camera Since its invention, the technology behind a camera has developed a lot beyond imagination. Nowadays, the device has become so sleek in design that it is integrated with other gadgets like mobiles and computers. To take a good photo, a photographer needs to use a camera with good resolution and focus.
In this article, let’s learn about flip flop conversions, where one type of flip flop is converted to another type. For the conversion of one flip flop to another, a combinational circuit has to be designed first. If a JK Flip Flop is required, the inputs are given to the combinational circuit and the output
There are many display devices used by the hobbyists. LCD displays are one of the most sophisticated display devices used by them. Once you learn how to interface it, it will be the easiest and very reliable output device used by you! More, for micro controller based project, not every time any debugger can be
Special Contact Lens In the movie “The Terminatorâ€, we see Arnold Schwarzenegger check out the complete profile of the subject he is about to face. A similar technology has been developed by Babak Parviz, an electrical engineer at the University of Washington. Babak designed a lens that can be used to display a single pixel
Worlds Smallest Single Atom Transistor A group of researchers including Michelle Simmons and her colleagues developed a single phosphorus atom transistor using a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) at the University of New South Wales. The 3-dimensional perspective of the device is shown in the figure above. Till date, this is known to be the smallest
Log amplifier. Log amplifier is a linear circuit in which the output voltage will be a constant times the natural logarithm of the input. The basic output equation of a log amplifier is v Vout = K ln (Vin/Vref); where Vref is the constant of normalisation, and K is the scale factor. Log amplifier finds
I have already discussed about a few chapters necessary to get into AVR programming. Now this is the first article that deals with programming. Let us start with the basics. Digital input output (I/O) is the basic feature supported by  AVR micro controller. To facilitate digital input output, three registers are associated with each port
