In this tutorial, you will learn how to upload a bootloader in a newly purchased ATmega328P IC, and upload code in ATmega328P, ATtiny85, and ATmega8 using Arduino UNO board.In some Arduino projects, you may only want to use the microcontroller IC(ATmega328P) instead of using the whole Arduino UNO board. In that case either you can […]
Undoubtedly, frequency is one of the fundamental parameters for any electronic equipment. Frequency specifies the rate of oscillatory movements and vibrations. In electrical and electronics, frequency measures the rate of oscillatory movement of current flowing through a circuit. The international unit of frequency is Hertz that equals 1 cycle per second. Want to know how
PWM motor speed control using Arduino. PWM or pulse width modulation is a very common method used for controlling the power across devices like motor, light etc. In PWM method the power across the load  is controlled by varying the duty cycle of the drive signal. More the duty cycle more power is delivered across
In this article we explain how to do PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control using arduino. If you are new to electronics, we have a detailed article explaining pulse width modulation. We have explained PWM in this tutorial using 2 examples which will help you learn how to control LED brightness using PWM and how to
This article is a compilation of the simple and popular audio circuits we have published over years in CircuitsToday. This list involves a collection of simple amplifier circuits that you can try at home and some other audio related circuits with specific applications. Image Source 1. 150 Watt amplifier circuit – This circuit is the
ICL 8038 waveform generator. ICL8038 is a monolithic waveform generator IC that can produce sine, square and triangular waveforms with very little distortion. The frequency can be programmed from 0.001Hz to 300 KHz using external timing capacitor and resistor. Frequency modulation and sweeping can be attained by using an external voltage. Other features of the
Class D amplifier. Class D amplifier is a type of amplifier where the power devices (MOSFET or transistor) are operated as switches. There will be only two states (ON/OFF) for these switches and no time is wasted for the transition from one stage to another. The working of a class D amplifier is as follows.
LA3161 Stereo Preamplifier. LA3161 is an integrated 2 channel pre-amplifier intended for car stereo applications. The LA3161 has a built in voltage regulator which plays a great role in improving ripple rejection . The IC requires minimum number of external parts and the noise level is very low. The IC has high input impedance (around
Digital volume control circuit. MAX5486. A two channel digital volume control circuit based on IC MAX5486 is shown here. MAX5486 is a 40K dual digital volume / balance controller that has a pushbutton interface. The IC has a built in bias voltage source that eliminated the need of an external circuitry for the same purpose
100W MOSFET power amplifier. A 100W MOSFET power amplifier circuit based on IRFP240 and IRFP9240 MOSFETs is shown here. The amplifier operates from a +45/-45 V DC dual supply and can deliver 100 watt rms into an 8 ohm speaker and 160 watt rms into a 4 ohm speaker. This Hi-Fi amplifier circuit is suitable
LM3900 multi-channel audio mixer. A simple multi-channel audio mixer circuit using LM3900 quad amplifier is given below. The circuit consists of 4 channel quad amplifier (LM3900). Two mic audio inputs and two direct line inputs are available in this circuit. By adding the same circuit parallel with this, you can increase the number of inputs
In this article, the working and basics of multi-channel surround sound system is explained along with images. The different types of sound systems available and other common sound formats are also explained in detail. Related Articles WORKING OF AMPLIFIERS WORKING OF SPEAKERS MOTIONAL FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER Multi-channel Audio Multi-channel audio systems are widely used in modern
Tone control circuit. This is just another circuit designed by Mr. Seetharaman Subramanian and time it is a high quality passive tone control circuit that has an overall gain of around 25 with 20dB boost and cut. This circuit needs minimum number of components, is very cost effective and most of the components required can
This article is a list of various types of amplifier circuits built using Transistors alone.This includes a Class AB amplifier using 4 transistors, then we have a headphone amplifier circuit and finally a low power amplifier using transistor. This article is solely dedicated to publish more transistor amplifier circuits. So you may keep visiting this
Intercom circuit with ringer Description. A simple intercom circuit designed based on transistors is shown here. This intercom circuit does not require a changeover switch and you can use it just like a telephone and a ringer circuit is also included. IC1 UM66 and transistor Q1 forms the ringer section. When pushbutton switch S1 is
TDA2613 Hi Fi audio amplifier Description. A 6 watt audio amplifier circuit using TDA2613 is shown here. TDA2613 is an integrated Hi-Fi audio amplifier IC from Philips Semiconductors. The IC is switch ON / switch OFF click proof, short circuit proof, thermally protected and is available in 9 pin single in line plastic package. In
Car Audio Amplifier Circuit: Given below is a car stereo amplifier circuit using audio amplifier IC – TDA2040 Description of the circuit: A car stereo amplifier circuit using TDA2040 is shown here. TDA2040 is a monolithic integrated audio amplifier that operates in Class AB mode. The IC has built in circuitry for short circuit protection
30 Watts Audio amplifier Circuit Description. A 30 watt audio amplifier circuit using TDA2040 is shown here. TDA2040 is a Class AB monolithic integrated audio amplifier available in Pentawatt package. The IC has low harmonic distortion, low cross over distortion and has a built in circuitry for short circuit protection. In the circuit two TDA2040
10 Watts MOSFET Amplifier Description. The diagram shown here is of a 10W MOSFET amplifier circuit that requires only a single supply. Single rail supply is seldom used in Class-B power amplifiers. Anyway, for low power applications like this it’s quite fine. Actually I got this circuit from an old cassette player that is still
Car Audio Amplifier Circuit Description. A simple low power car stereo amplifier circuit based on TDA 2003 is shown here. The circuit uses cheap, readily available components and it is very easy to construct. TDA2003 is an integrated car radio amplifier from ST Micro electronics that has a lot of good features like short circuit
A simple and easy to build 50 watt MOSFET audio amplifier circuit is shown below. The circuit uses easily available components and provides excellent sound quality . Description: The first stage of the amplifier is a differential amplifier based on transistors Q1 and Q2. Capacitor C8 is the input DC decoupler, R1 limits input
Car Stereo Amplifier Circuit Given below is the circuit of a car stereo amplifier that can be used in cars or other vehicles. We have used TDA1553, which is a Class-B audio amplifier. Description : Here is the circuit of a car stereo amplifier based on TDA1553. TDA1553 is a monolithic Class-B audio amplifier which
Active Crossover Circuit Given below is an Active crossover circuit suitable for HiFi audio systems using LM833, the dual operational amplifier. Description: Crossover circuits are of two types, active and passive. Passive crossover circuit uses passive components only and they are very simple, but they waste a considerable amount of energy and also induce distortion.
Bridge Amplifier The circuit given below is a bridge audio amplifier circuit using ICÂ TDA4935. Description : TDA4935 is 2x15W high quality audio amplifier IC from Siemens. The IC can be used in stereo mode or bridge mode. In stereo mode it can deliver 15W per channel and in bridge mode it can deliver 30W
Description. LM4880 is HiFi dual audio amplifier IC from National Semiconductors. This IC is specifically designed to produce high quality audio output with a minimum number of external components.LM4880 is capable of delivering 250mW per channel into an 8 ohm load. The IC has 0.1% THD and has a supply voltage range of 2.7 to
