Introduction                The first step to digital signal processing is to convert a signal into digital data, and here the Analog to Digital Converter devices comes into action. Some of the AVR micro controllers include ADC unit in their features. This is a very useful unit for measurement related applications. The ADC used in AVR […]
Introduction to Interrupts                Although micro controllers can accept inputs from Digital I/O Ports,interrupts are preferred for accepting inputs generated by external events. This is mainly because of the less attention required for an interrupt based program. An Interrupt Event directs the flow of program execution to a totally independent piece of code, known as
 Introduction USART is one of the primitive inter-device communication protocols. It is not used in modern computers. But still, a few mother boards come with the module necessary for an USART communication. Here, in the case of PCs, the port is known as COM port and it follows RS232 protocol. It is no different from
Introduction                Micro controllers support wired communication protocols. Most of the time, microcontrollers come along with internal modules that support these protocols. The commonly supported protocols are: UART or USART communication SPI TWI USI etc. And few advanced protocols like: USB CAN Ethernet etc. SPI stands for Serial Peripheral Interface and it is the simplest
This article teaches you how to add 32K external crystal source to AVR micro controller (Atmega8 ) with circuit diagram & C program. Introduction Timing-is one of the basic function, performed by the micro controllers. Every microcontroller has at least one timer/counter module in its architecture.  However if the counter is clocked internally a few
Introduction                Every digital device that is driven by a CPU core processes some sort of digital information. Not all of them are digital data. In fact, major portion of them are some kind of instruction to the CPU. As we all know, they are patterns of zeros and ones. In groups, those zeros and
               When we hear the word “Operating System†the first ones that come to our mind are those we experience/use in our day to day life, say, Windows XP, Linux, Ubuntu, Windows 7 for Computer systems, Android for mobiles and many more . We mainly know that operating systems are for computers. It is a
Simple Frequency Counter You may have already seen various projects over many websites named Frequency counter, Digital Frequency Counter etc. I’m posting just another of them. Showing the use of timer/counter of AVR micro controller (Atmega8) in one of it’s form. This circuit can be used as a simple micro controller project for your engineering
Here in this article, I am planning to brief you through the Standard library of AVR-GCC. By the term “Standard Library” we mean the “Standard header” files like “stdio.h”, we commonly see in C programming language. Have you ever used String Formatting in ANSI C? Did you use Standard library functions? If you are familiar
Interfacing LCD Display in 8bit Mode I’ve already discussed about the LCD display in a note here in this website. You can read the Note on character LCD Display here. Now let us come to the interfacing side of LCD. Let us see the 8bit mode interfacing of the LCD display with an AVR micro
There are many display devices used by the hobbyists. LCD displays are one of the most sophisticated display devices used by them. Once you learn how to interface it, it will be the easiest and very reliable output device used by you! More, for micro controller based project, not every time any debugger can be
I have already discussed about a few chapters necessary to get into AVR programming. Now this is the first article that deals with programming. Let us start with the basics. Digital input output (I/O) is the basic feature supported by  AVR micro controller. To facilitate digital input output, three registers are associated with each port
In my previous article, I’ve discussed about ATmega32. Now, let me introduce another member of AVR microcontroller family, the ATmega8. This member has many features similar to that of ATmega32. But it has reduced number of features and capabilities, yet it has enough features to work with. Now let me tell you that if you
In embedded C, pre defined libraries play very important role in compiling a program and significantly reduce the code size for the same. However, the optimization and the output file size are very much dependent upon the compiler. In AVR Studio predefined library is pretty big and it is a very complex one. To offer
So far I’ve discussed about the micro controller basics and the compiler software. I’ve yet not written anything about programming. ATmega32 series micro controllers support 3 types of programming  Parallel Programming  ISP Programming or serial Programming  Programming via JTAG Here ISP stands for In System Programmer. To burn a micro controller just
For general purpose computers, programs written in one programming language can support different hardware configurations. But things are different for microcontrollers. Each family of micro controllers have its own unique type of hardware architecture, instruction sets, register configuration and memories.                So for each architecture of Micro controller family, there will be at least one compiler available,
Hi all, We are introducing you to a new author Rakesh Bute today. Rakesh is an engineering student in the stream of Applied Electronics and Instrumentation from Asansol Engineering College. He will be writing a series of articles about AVR micro controllers, which later will be combined to form as a tutorial of the same.
