Lab Manuals

UJT CHARACTERISTICS

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AIM  To plot the characteristics of UJT (2N 2446) and to determine the intrinsic stand off ratio from the graph.   COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED   1. UJT 2. Resistors 3. Voltmeter 4. Ammeter 5. Rheostat 6. Power supply   CIRCUIT DIAGRAM                                                                                                                              EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF UJT     THEORY          UJT is […]

Lab Manuals

COMMON EMITTER CHARECTERISTICS OF NPN TRANSISTOR

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AIM    To plot the characteristics of BC 107 transistor and to find 1. Dynamic input resistance 2. Dynamic output resistance 3. Common emitter current gain   COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS NEEDED   1. Transistor 2. Variable power supplies 3. Resistors 4. Voltmeters 5. Ammeters   CIRCUIT DIAGRAM THEORY            A transistor is a 3 terminal

Lab Manuals

RC INTEGRATOR AND DIFFERENTIATOR

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AIM  To design and setup an RC integrator and differentiator circuits   COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. Capacitors 2. Resistors 3. Signal generator 4. CRO   CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND DESIGN   1.      DIFFERENTIATOR WITH INPUT FREQUENCY 1 KHZ Input voltage is 20 v pp. DESIGN   RC<0.0016T; Take R= 5.6 K (To avoid the loading

Lab Manuals

ZENER DIODE VOLTAGE REGULATOR

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AIM To design and set up a voltage regulator using Zener diode COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS   1. Bridge rectifier circuit 2. Zener diode (6.2 volt) 3. Resistors 4. Capacitors 5. Voltmeter 6. Ammeter 7. Rheostat CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESIGN To get a 5.6 V as output, select SZ 5.6 as Zener diode .Take load current as

Lab Manuals

CLAMPING CIRCUITS

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AIM  To realize various clamping circuits using diodes and capacitors   COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS   1. Diode 2. Capacitor 3. DC power supply 4. CRO   CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS AND TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS   1.      NEGATIVE  CLAMPER WITH 0.7 VOLTS   2.      POSITIVE CLAMPER WITH LEVEL – 0.7 VOLTS 3.      POSITIVE CLAMPER WITH LEVEL  -5 V 4.     

Lab Manuals

CLIPPING CIRCUITS

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AIM  To set the diode clipping circuits   COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. Diodes 2. Resistors 3. DC sources 4. Signal generator 5. CRO   CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS   1.      POSITIVE CLIPPER AT  0.6V TRANSFER CHARECTERISTICS 2.      NEGETIVE CLIPPER AT -0.6 VOLTS     TRANSFER CHARECTERISTICS       3.      POSITIVE CLIPPER AT  3 V  

Lab Manuals

RECTIFIER CIRCUITS USING PN JUNCTION DIODES

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AIM To implement the half wave rectifier and full wave rectifier using 1N 4007 diode COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. Diodes 2. Centre tap transformer 3. Resistors 4. CRO CIRCUIT DIAGRAM HALF WAVE RECTIFIER FULL WAVE CENTRE TAP RECIFIER FULL WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIER WAVEFORMS HALF WAVE RECTIFIER WITHOUT CAPACITOR FILTER WITH CAPACITOR FILTER FULL WAVE

Lab Manuals

ZENER DIODE CHARECTERISTICS

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AIM  To plot the reverse characteristics of zener diode and to find the breakdown voltage   COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS NEEDED   1. 6.2 V zener diode 2. Resistors 3. Variable dc power supply 4. Voltmeter 5. Ammeter   CIRCUIT DIAGRAM   THEORY                   Zener diode is a P-N junction diode specially designed to operate

Lab Manuals

DIODE CHARECTERISTICS

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AIM   To plot the characteristics of a pn diode and to find its the cut in voltage and the dynamic resistance.   COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED   1. DC supply 2. Diodes 3. Voltmeter 4. Ammeter 5. Rheostat   CIRCUIT DIAGRAM   THEORY   A diode is the basic electronic component. It’s property is

Test & Measurement Circuits

High impedance DC voltmeter.

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Description. A high impedance DC voltmeter using a uA741 IC is shown here. The operational amplifier is used as a non-inverting DC amplifier in which the negative feedback is through a DC meter requiring 1mA for full scale deflection. Since R6 is 100 Ohms, the meter will show full scale reading when the DC input

Light Related

Dark detector circuit

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Description. The dark detector circuit shown here can be used to produce an audible alarm when the light inside a room goes OFF. The circuit is build around timer IC NE555. A general purpose LDR is used for sensing the light. When proper light is falling on the LDR its resistance is very low. When

Audio Circuits, Test & Measurement Circuits

Audio clipping indicator circuit

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Description. This circuit can be used to identify whether there is a clipping in a particular wave form. Clipping is a phenomenon in which the amplitude of a particular waveform drops before it reaches the expected limit. This circuit glows an LED as an indication if the signal under test has clipping. The circuit is

Telephone Related

Telephone pickup preampliifer

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Description. Here is a simple circuit based on IC uA 741 that can be used to pickup voice from telephone lines without even contacting the line. If a high impedance magnetic core is placed near a telephone instrument or near one of the telephone wires, it picks up inductively both sides of the telephonic conversation

Remote Circuits

Remote toggle switch circuit

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Description. In application level this circuit is similar to that of the circuit given previously. The only difference is in the approach. This circuit is designed by using another method. Using this circuit you can toggle any electrical appliance between ON and OFF states by using your TV remote. The only requirement is that your

Automotive Circuits

Musical car reverse horn circuit

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Description. Here is a simple circuit that will produce a musical horn when ever your car is in reverse gear.The circuit uses two ICs for the operation, voltage regulator 7805(IC1) and musical tone generator UM66(IC2). The IC1 reduces the car battery voltage to 5V. The diodes D1 & D2 in combination  produces an additional  drop

Timer Circuits

10 Minute timer circuit.

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Description. When ever you need to get an alarm or intimation after ten minutes ,the circuit shown below can be used.The circuit is nothing but  a monostable multivibrator based on IC NE 555.When ever you press the reset push button the green LED D1 glows after 10 minutes. Circuit diagram with Parts list. Notes. Assemble

Fun & Game Circuits, Lighting Circuits

Dancing light.

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Description. Here is a simple dancing light circuit based on NE555 (IC1) & CD4017 (IC2) . The IC1 is wired as an astable multivibrator to provide the clock pulses for the CD4017. For each clock pulse receiving at the clock input (pin14) of IC CD4017, the outputs Q0 to Q9 (refer pin diagram of CD

Tone generator circuits

Metronome generator circuit.

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Description. Here is a simple circuit using IC NE555 that can be used to generate metronomes.Such a circuit is very useful to those who learns music. The circuit is nothing but an astable multivibrator wired around NE555 .The components R1,R2&C1 determines the output frequency. Circuit diagram with Parts list.  Notes.  The circuit can be wired

Tone generator circuits

Musical horn circuit.

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 Description. Here is a simple circuit diagram of a simple musical horn using two NE555 ICs. Two ICs are wired as astable mutivibrators. The output of first multivibrator is given to the discharge (pin 7) of the second astable multivibrator. The combined effect of the astable multivibrators produces a musical tone at the output.  Circuit

Ham Radio Circuits

CW Practice oscillator

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Description. A circuit diagram that can be used for the generation of CW Morse code is shown here.This circuit can be very useful those who would like practice Ham Radio.The circuit is nothing but an astable multivibrator based on NE 555.The frequency of oscillations of the circuit depends on the components R1,R2 & C1.The circuit

Tutorials

Using inverters with AC generators.

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Inverter systems can be in-corporated with generator systems to attain longer run-time when there is a cut in the mains power supply.The essential and critical loads require undisturbed power supply when the mains AC power supply falls for extended periods.The inverter can be used to power the critical and essential loads when the power supply

Power Supplies

Voltage splitter using Op-Amp

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Description. A simple circuit for converting a floating dual power supply is shown here.The circuit is based on a uA 741 op-amp. The input supply is splitted by the voltage divider circuit formed of R1 & R2 ,and given to the non-inverting input of the IC1. The output (Pin 6) is connected to the inverting

Battery Circuits

Battery charger circuit using SCR.

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 Description. A simple battery charger based on SCR is shown here.Here the SCR rectifies the AC mains voltage to charge the battery.When the battery connected to the charger gets discharged the battery voltage gets dropped.This inhibits the forward biasing voltage from reaching the base of the transistor Q1 through R4 and D2.This switches off the

Battery Circuits

Battery charger circuit using L200.

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 Description. A very simple battery charger circuit having reverse polarity indication is shown here.The circuit is based on IC L200 . L200 is a five pin variable voltage voltage regulator IC.The charging circuit can be fed by the DC voltage from a bridge rectifier or center tapped rectifier.Here the IC L200 keeps the charging voltage

Battery Circuits

Battery charger circuit using LM317.

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Description. Here is a simple but effective battery charger circuit using IC LM 317.The circuit can be used to charge 12Vlead acid batteries.The circuit is very simple and can be easily assembled on a general purpose PCB.   The heart of the circuit is IC LM 317 ,which is an adjustable voltage regulator IC.The pin

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