Are you hearing the name “Raspberry Pi” for the first time? Then you must really recheck your reading habits! I must say that you are not up to date with the latest happenings around the world 😉 Well, Raspberry Pi is nothing more than a small,customizable computer. When you read “computer“, dont think that its something like […]
An Introduction to Keil MicroVision Embedded system means some combination of computer hardware and programmable software which is specially designed for a particular task like displaying message on LCD. If you are still wondering about an embedded system, just take a look at these circuit applications using 8051 microcontroller. You can call these applications embedded
DIY Random number generator A Â random number generator using 8051 that displays a random number between 0 & 99 is shown in this article. The circuit itself is very simple and may not find any applications in serious embedded projects and this article is just an illustration. The circuit is based on AT89S51 microcontroller, two
Thermometer using 8051. This article is about a simple 0-100°C digital thermometer with 1°C resolution using 8051. The circuit is based on LM35 analog temperature sensor, ADC0804 and AT89S51 microcontroller. LM35 is an analogue temperature sensor IC which can measure a temperature range of -55 to 150°C. Its output voltage varies 10mV per °C change in
In this article we are attempting to list the most popular electronic circuits we have published over the last couple of years. Â We know, its a little difficult task! First hurdle to cross is selecting the criteria to decide – “what makes a circuit popular ?“. Next hurdle is listing all of them in an
Voltmeter using 8051. A simple 0-5V voltmeter using 8051 is shown in this article. This digital voltmeter has a sensitivity of 200mV which is a bit low but this project is meant for demonstrating how an ADC and seven segment display can be interfaced to 8051 to obtain a digital readout of the input voltage.
We have developed a complete guide to learn AVR microcontroller – a tutorial which teaches the architecture,pin diagram,how to program an avr micro controller, how to work with ADC of avr, how to work with SPI of avr,interfacing LCD with avr, the avr gcc library, how to work with external interrupts, how to establish a
Control structures form the basic entities of a “structured programming language“. We all know languages like C/C++ or Java are all structured programming languages. Control structures are used to alter the flow of execution of the program. Why do we need to alter the program flow ? The reason is “decision making“! In life, we
We have seen 3 simple sorting algorithms already 1) Bubble Sorting 2) Selection Sorting and finally Insertion sorting. All these algorithms were so simple to understand and were easy to implement as a program in C/C++ or even Java. But at the same time all 3 of them were too inefficient. Their execution time was
So far we have seen 2 sorting algorithms:- 1) Bubble sorting and 2) Selection sorting. Now in this article, we are analyzing insertion sort algorithm with its example code suitable for C/C++/Java programming languages. I recommend you go through above articles of Bubble sorting and Selection sorting before reading further. Insertion sorting algorithm sorts one element at
The two most common/confused words in digital communication – Bit rate and Baud rate. Generally, communication is concerned with transmission of data. In digital communication, there are two entities that are needed to carry out communication – the data to be transmitted and the signal over which the data is transmitted. Now, we have two
In the previous article, we have analysed Bubble sort algorithm and it’s implementation in C programs. In this article we are going to see another sorting algorithm, named, Selection sorting. Just like “Bubble sort”, selection sort is also considered as an inefficient sorting algorithm. If you are curious to know the reason for this, please
We all know there exist 2 approaches to write a program – 1) Procedure oriented programming (POP) and 2) Object oriented programming (OOP). You can write a program in either way but there are notable differences between both approaches. These 2 approaches are the result of software development evolution over many decades. Since the invention
This article is a little off topic as it is not related to electronics! However I thought this would be useful for some one who manages a Vbulletin forum software. For those who find the name “Vbulletin” alien, it’s a forum management software. Recently we lost access to our “administrator” account of our forum software!
I am beginning a series of articles about C++ programming language. So lets begin with a simple C++ program as shown below. #include int main() { cout
ADC (Analog to digital converter) forms a very essential part in many embedded projects and this article is about interfacing an ADC to 8051 embedded controller. ADC 0804 is the ADC used here and before going through the interfacing procedure, we must neatly understand how the ADC 0804 works. ADC 0804. ADC0804 is an 8 bit
Introduction                The first step to digital signal processing is to convert a signal into digital data, and here the Analog to Digital Converter devices comes into action. Some of the AVR micro controllers include ADC unit in their features. This is a very useful unit for measurement related applications. The ADC used in AVR
Introduction to Interrupts                Although micro controllers can accept inputs from Digital I/O Ports,interrupts are preferred for accepting inputs generated by external events. This is mainly because of the less attention required for an interrupt based program. An Interrupt Event directs the flow of program execution to a totally independent piece of code, known as
 Introduction USART is one of the primitive inter-device communication protocols. It is not used in modern computers. But still, a few mother boards come with the module necessary for an USART communication. Here, in the case of PCs, the port is known as COM port and it follows RS232 protocol. It is no different from
Water level controller using 8051. A water level controller using 8051 is shown in this article. A lot of water level controller projects have been published in this website but this is the first one based on a microcontroller. This water level controller monitors the level of the over head tank  and automatically switches on
Bubble sorting is one of the simplest sorting algorithm that we can use to sort an array or a structure. Though it is so simple to implement in a C program, bubble sort is also considered as an inefficient sorting algorithm. Bubble sort comes handy in cases where the total number of elements to be sorted is
Introduction                Micro controllers support wired communication protocols. Most of the time, microcontrollers come along with internal modules that support these protocols. The commonly supported protocols are: UART or USART communication SPI TWI USI etc. And few advanced protocols like: USB CAN Ethernet etc. SPI stands for Serial Peripheral Interface and it is the simplest
In this article we are learning about “void pointers” in C language. Before going further it will be good if you refresh about pointers by reading – Introduction to pointers in C. A pointer variable is usually declared with the data type of the “content” that is to be stored inside the memory location (to
The basic purpose of developing a C programming tutorial for this website – CircuitsToday – is to make it useful for people who wish to work with embedded systems. Really good C programming skill is an essential to work with embedded systems and “Pointers” is the most important concept in C that should be mastered
It is a general notion that people try to classify programming languages as either “compiled” language or “interpreted” language. Even experienced programmers tend to get confused here! But the fact is, programming languages are neither “compiled” nor “interpreted” types. They can be both at the same time. Compiling or interpreting -both are 2 different ways
