AIM To design and set up a voltage regulator using Zener diode COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS 1. Bridge rectifier circuit 2. Zener diode (6.2 volt) 3. Resistors 4. Capacitors 5. Voltmeter 6. Ammeter 7. Rheostat CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESIGN To get a 5.6 V as output, select SZ 5.6 as Zener diode .Take load current as […]
AIM To realize various clamping circuits using diodes and capacitors  COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS  1. Diode 2. Capacitor 3. DC power supply 4. CRO  CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS AND TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS  1.     NEGATIVE CLAMPER WITH 0.7 VOLTS  2.     POSITIVE CLAMPER WITH LEVEL – 0.7 VOLTS 3.     POSITIVE CLAMPER WITH LEVEL -5 V 4.    Â
AIM To set the diode clipping circuits  COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. Diodes 2. Resistors 3. DC sources 4. Signal generator 5. CRO  CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS  1.     POSITIVE CLIPPER AT 0.6V TRANSFER CHARECTERISTICS 2.     NEGETIVE CLIPPER AT -0.6 VOLTS   TRANSFER CHARECTERISTICS    3.     POSITIVE CLIPPER AT 3 V Â
AIM To implement the half wave rectifier and full wave rectifier using 1N 4007 diode COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. Diodes 2. Centre tap transformer 3. Resistors 4. CRO CIRCUIT DIAGRAM HALF WAVE RECTIFIER FULL WAVE CENTRE TAP RECIFIER FULL WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIER WAVEFORMS HALF WAVE RECTIFIER WITHOUT CAPACITOR FILTER WITH CAPACITOR FILTER FULL WAVE
AIM  To plot the reverse characteristics of zener diode and to find the breakdown voltage  COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS NEEDED  1. 6.2 V zener diode 2. Resistors 3. Variable dc power supply 4. Voltmeter 5. Ammeter  CIRCUIT DIAGRAM  THEORY                 Zener diode is a P-N junction diode specially designed to operate
AIM To plot the characteristics of a pn diode and to find its the cut in voltage and the dynamic resistance. COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED 1. DC supply 2. Diodes 3. Voltmeter 4. Ammeter 5. Rheostat CIRCUIT DIAGRAM THEORY A diode is the basic electronic component. It’s property is
Description. A high impedance DC voltmeter using a uA741 IC is shown here. The operational amplifier is used as a non-inverting DC amplifier in which the negative feedback is through a DC meter requiring 1mA for full scale deflection. Since R6 is 100 Ohms, the meter will show full scale reading when the DC input
Description. This circuit can be used to identify whether there is a clipping in a particular wave form. Clipping is a phenomenon in which the amplitude of a particular waveform drops before it reaches the expected limit. This circuit glows an LED as an indication if the signal under test has clipping. The circuit is
Description. Here is a simple circuit based on IC uA 741 that can be used to pickup voice from telephone lines without even contacting the line. If a high impedance magnetic core is placed near a telephone instrument or near one of the telephone wires, it picks up inductively both sides of the telephonic conversation
Description. In application level this circuit is similar to that of the circuit given previously. The only difference is in the approach. This circuit is designed by using another method. Using this circuit you can toggle any electrical appliance between ON and OFF states by using your TV remote. The only requirement is that your
Description. Here is a simple circuit that will produce a musical horn when ever your car is in reverse gear.The circuit uses two ICs for the operation, voltage regulator 7805(IC1) and musical tone generator UM66(IC2). The IC1 reduces the car battery voltage to 5V. The diodes D1 & D2 in combination produces an additional drop
Description. Here is a simple dancing light circuit based on NE555 (IC1) & CD4017 (IC2) . The IC1 is wired as an astable multivibrator to provide the clock pulses for the CD4017. For each clock pulse receiving at the clock input (pin14) of IC CD4017, the outputs Q0 to Q9 (refer pin diagram of CD
Description. Here is a simple circuit using IC NE555 that can be used to generate metronomes.Such a circuit is very useful to those who learns music. The circuit is nothing but an astable multivibrator wired around NE555 .The components R1,R2&C1 determines the output frequency. Circuit diagram with Parts list. Notes. The circuit can be wired
 Description. Here is a simple circuit diagram of a simple musical horn using two NE555 ICs. Two ICs are wired as astable mutivibrators. The output of first multivibrator is given to the discharge (pin 7) of the second astable multivibrator. The combined effect of the astable multivibrators produces a musical tone at the output.  Circuit
Description. A circuit diagram that can be used for the generation of CW Morse code is shown here.This circuit can be very useful those who would like practice Ham Radio.The circuit is nothing but an astable multivibrator based on NE 555.The frequency of oscillations of the circuit depends on the components R1,R2 & C1.The circuit
Inverter systems can be in-corporated with generator systems to attain longer run-time when there is a cut in the mains power supply.The essential and critical loads require undisturbed power supply when the mains AC power supply falls for extended periods.The inverter can be used to power the critical and essential loads when the power supply
Description. A simple circuit for converting a floating dual power supply is shown here.The circuit is based on a uA 741 op-amp. The input supply is splitted by the voltage divider circuit formed of R1 & R2 ,and given to the non-inverting input of the IC1. The output (Pin 6) is connected to the inverting
 Description. A simple battery charger based on SCR is shown here.Here the SCR rectifies the AC mains voltage to charge the battery.When the battery connected to the charger gets discharged the battery voltage gets dropped.This inhibits the forward biasing voltage from reaching the base of the transistor Q1 through R4 and D2.This switches off the
 Description. A very simple battery charger circuit having reverse polarity indication is shown here.The circuit is based on IC L200 . L200 is a five pin variable voltage voltage regulator IC.The charging circuit can be fed by the DC voltage from a bridge rectifier or center tapped rectifier.Here the IC L200 keeps the charging voltage
Description. Here is a simple but effective battery charger circuit using IC LM 317.The circuit can be used to charge 12Vlead acid batteries.The circuit is very simple and can be easily assembled on a general purpose PCB. The heart of the circuit is IC LM 317 ,which is an adjustable voltage regulator IC.The pin
In various countries the frequency bandwidths specified for the GSM services are GSM-400, GSM-800, GSM-900, GSM-1800 and GSM-R.The GSM-900 and the GSM-1800 are the most widely used frequency bandwidths in different parts of the globe. The GSM-900 has a down link frequency range of 935-960 MHz and an up link frequency of range of 895-915
Description. A high gain amplifier circuit that can be operated from a battery pack of 6 or 9 volt battery pack is shown here.The IC1 uA 741 is wired as a high gain non-inverting amplifier and its output is amplified by a pair of complementary transistors (Q1 & Q2) to drive the speaker.The negative feedback
Description. A preamplifier circuit suitable for high impedance type electric guitar pickups is given here.The circuit is based on a uA 741 op-amp (IC1).The IC1 is wired as a non-inverting amplifier.The POT R1 can be used as a volume controller.The POT R6 can be used as tone controller.The switch S1 is used to produce “brilliant”
Nowadays most of the inverters available in the market utilizes the PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) technology.The inverters based on PWM technology are superior in many factors compared to other inverters designed using conventional technologies. The PWM based inverters generally use MOSFETs in the output switching stage.In such cases the inverters are generally termed as PWM MOSFET
Description. A preamplifier for magnetic pickups of record players is shown here.The uA 741 is used as an AC coupled non-inverting amplifier operating on a single supply.The amplifier gain is decided by the feedback components in which C2 controls the low frequency roll-off characteristics while C4 reduces the gain at high frequency end to compensate
