With the popularisation of PCs, the constant voltage transformers (CVTs) have also become equally popular. The CVT is simply a magnetic transformer of a special construction that has a capacitor connected across the secondary winding of the transformer. In an ordinary transformer, the primary and secondary windings are wound near each other so that whenever […]
The National Semiconductor LM 1578 A is a switching regulator which can easily be set up for such dc-to-dc voltage .conversion circuits as the buck, boost, and inverting configurations. The LM 1578 A features a unique comparator input stage which not only has separate pins for both the inverting and non-inverting inputs, but also provides
Switching Regulators Using LM 2575 and LM 2577 Switching reguÂlators are available is different circuit configurations inÂcluding the flyback, feed-forward, push-pull, and non-isoÂlated single-ended or single-polarity types. Also, the switching regulators can operate in any of three modes – step-down, step-up, or polarity inverting. LM 2575 series of regulators developed by National Semiconductor are monolithic
Switching Voltage Regulators All of the voltage regulators we have discussed so far are series regulators, also sometimes called the linear regulators because the pass transistor used in such a regulator operates in the active region. Series regulators are very popular and meet many of our needs. The main drawback of these regulators is the
Dual Power Supply using LM 320 and LM 340 Bipolar or dual voltage supplies can be easily designed with the help of two 3-terminal regulators. This is shown in the figure above using the IC’s LM320 and LM 340. Opposite-phase ac is provided by the transformer’s secondary and a grounded center tap. The single full-wave
We have already explained in detail about the basics of regulated power supply, voltage regulators and IC voltage regulators. Let us take a look at one of the most popular IC voltage regulators, the 723 Voltage Regulator IC. The functional diagram of the voltage regulator is shown below. It consists of a voltage reference source (Pin
Three terminal voltage regulators This series is typical of the three-terminal voltage regulators. The block diagram is shown in figure. The built-in reference voltage VREF drives the non-inverting input of an op-amp. The operational amplifier consists of several stages of voltÂage gain. Because of the high gain of the op-amp, the error voltage between the
Adjustable Voltage Regulators SomeÂtimes variable voltage is required and under such a situation adjustable voltage regulator is used. A number of IC regulators, like LM 317, LM 338, and LM 350, are adjustable regulators. They have maximum load currents from 0.10 to 1.5 A. For example, the LM317 is a three terminal positive voltage regulator,
5Volts to 24volts Voltage Regulators using 78XX series IC 15 volts Power Supply The series 7800 regulators provide eight voltage options, ranging from 5 to 24 V. These ICs are designed as fixed voltage regulators and with adequate heat sinking can deliver output currents in excess of 1 A. Although these devices do not require
A voltage regulator is one of the most widely used electronic circuitry in any device. A regulated voltage (without fluctuations & noise levels) is very important for the smooth functioning of many digital electronic devices. A common case is with micro controllers, where a smooth regulated input voltage must be supplied for the micro controller
CRO is a very versatile instrument in laboratory for measurement of voltage, current, frequency and phase angle of any electrical quantity. But before we go ahead with disÂcussion on measurement of electrical quantities with CRO, we should understand some basic oscilloscope patterns. Basic Oscilloscope Patterns Assume that a sinusoidal voltage signal is applied to the
If the load resistance RL is reduced or load terminals are shorted accidenÂtally, a very large load current will flow. It may destroy the pass transistor Q1, diode or possibly some other component. Fuse protection will not prove adequate because the transistor may get damaged in a very small fraction of a second To avoid
Controlled Transistor Series Regulator A controlled transistor series regulaÂtor is shown in the figure. The circuit is quite similar to that of a simple transistor series voltage regulator except that an additional transistor Q2 is inserted in the circuit. The emitter terminal of this transistor Q2 is connected to the negative terminal of input supply
The efficiency of Zener regulated power supply becomes very low when the load current is high. Under such conditions a Zener controlled transistor is always used for maintaining output voltage constant. Basically there are two types of Zener controlled transistor voltage regulators. They are Series Voltage Regulators Shunt Voltage Regulators You may also go through
Basically there are two types of transistor voltage regulators. They are (i) Series Voltage Regulators and (ii) Shunt Voltage Regulators. Each type of circuit can provide an output dc voltage that is regulated or maintained at a predetermined value even if the input voltage varies or the load connected to the output terminal changes. You
A voltage regulator is designed to automatically ‘regulate’ voltage level. It basically steps down the input voltage to the desired level and keeps that in that same level during the supply. This makes sure that even when a load is applied the voltage doesn’t drop. Thus, a voltage regulator is used for two reasons:- To
INTRODUCTION Almost all basic household electronic circuits need an unregulated AC to be converted to constant DC, in order to operate the electronic device. All devices will have a certain power supply limit and the electronic circuits inside these devices must be able to supply a constant DC voltage within this limit. This DC supply
Number of controls are required to be provided on a panel of CRO to facilitate its proper functioning. Intensity control is provided for adjustment of brightness of the spot on the screen. It is accomplished by varying the voltage between the first and second anodes. The horizontal and vertical position controls are provided for moving
Cathode ray tube essentially consists of an electron gun for producing a stream of electrons, focusing and accelerating anodes for producing a narrow and sharply focused electron beam, horizontal and vertical deflection plates for controlling the beam path and an evacuated glass envelope with phosphorescent screen giving bright spot when struck by a high velocity
A CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope) is an electronic instrument used for studying various electrical & electronic parameters and behaviors. CRO is basically an XY (2 dimensional) plotter which can plot an input signal vs another signal or an input signal vs time. A cathode ray oscilloscope is used to study waveforms, transients, time based or
Description. This 8 function serial Christmas lamp controller is based on the IC UTC 8156 from Unisonic. Specially designed for the same purpose, the UTC 8156 can control the four lamps in 8 modes namely waves, sequential, slo-gol, chasing/flash, slow fade, twinkle/flash, steady ON and auto scan. Control signals for controlling the lamps will be
Description. This is a very versatile voice modulator circuit using IC HT8950A from Holtek Semiconductors. The IC is capable of creating 7 upward or downward steps on the frequency of the input voice at a rate of 8Hz. There is also two special variation effects namely Vibrato mode and Robot mode. This circuit finds a
Description. This is the circuit diagram of a very powerful and efficient Ni-MH battery charger using IC LT4060 from Linear Technologies. In addition to Ni-MH batteries Ni-Cd batteries can be also charged by slightly modifying the circuit.For charging Ni-Cd batteries connect the CHEM pin (pin12) of the IC to +Vcc.Here the circuit is configured to
Q-Meter We know that every inductor coil has a certain amount of resistance and the coil should have lowest possible resistance. The ratio of the inductive reactance to the effective resistance of the coil is called the quality factor  or Q-factor of the coil. So Q = XL / R = ωL / R A
Electronic Multimeters It is one of the most versatile general purpose instruments capable of measuring dc and ac voltages as well as current and resistances. The solid-state electronic multimeter (or VOM) generally consists of the following elements. A balanced bridge dc amÂplifier and a PMMC meter. An attenuator in input stage to select the proper
