The basic ANALOG TO DIGITAL (A/D) CONVERTER CIRCUIT has already been explained in an earlier post. Apart from it, there are also many types of monolithic analog to digital converters, such as the integrating A/D, integrating A/D with three-stage outputs, and the tracking A/D with latched outputs. In addition to this, the outputs of A/D […]
The U.S Army is famous for their military gadgets that are used to hunt down enemies and also navigate a battlefield at night. They began by using night goggles. But there were complaints about these goggles for being noticeable by the enemies. Another problem is that they had no way to track their exact location
Germans, who are known for producing the most promising ad efficient mechanical and electrical designs, have lately created the strongest magnetic field in one of their labs. This new development is considered as a new world record and was created by the researchers at the High Magnetic Field Laboratory Dresden (HZDR). For developing such a
We are used to making a closed conducting circuit diagram on PCB’s and Vera Boards. The same process can now be done by drawing on a paper with a silver coloured liquid metal ink. This whole basic process has been named 3-D Handwriting by its inventors – researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Infrared View of NASA Lander We have seen hovering space crafts and missile enabled drones in movies like Star Trek, Avatar, G.I Joe and so on. From these pictures it is clear that such machines can easily stay in the air at a fixed position, just above a few feet from Earth, for any amount
Humans have designed robots for making our tasks easier and simpler. These robots have been used in factories and even at homes as they can work tirelessly everyday and every time and that too without the need of money and food. Till now, no one has ever developed a robot that has the basic
One has seen the beauty of the sunrise and the sunset. Wouldn’t it be all marvellous to have a better view from high above the Earth? Out of the total population on Earth, only a few people have had the luck to get a view of Earth from space. A Canadian company called UrtheCast (the
A new type of high-resolution nanoparticles detector called the “Whispering Gallery Resonator” has been developed by professors at the Washington University in St. Louis. The device mainly consists of a very small laser in the micro-size range along with a sensor that is used to detect the presence of individual viruses and particles in the
Stereo decoder circuit. In FM stereo transmission left and right channels are algebraically encoded into sum (left + right) and difference (left-right) signals. This is done in order to make the mono FM receivers compatible with the stereo transmission. The mono receiver will reproduce the summed left and right channel and the listener will hear
12V/120mA switch mode power supply circuit Transformer less switch mode power supplies have become very popular these days. The circuit shown below is of a 12V/120mA output, 85 to 230V AC input transformerless switch mode power supply using LNK304 IC. Applications of a power supply based on this IC includes hand held devices, timers, small
Don’t worry if you do not know how to play the guitar. From now on, the “PossessedHand†will play it for you. PossessedHand is a kind of a blood pressure cuff that is strapped onto your arm. This device will pass small electrical signals to your fingers in such a manner that it moves your
We have already seen high-speed computers which can compute and process multiple instructions at the same time. But, there has never been a computer which can work as fast as and also resemble the biological systems of a brain. In a recently published article in the journal “Advanced Materials”, a study about the world’s first
This type of converter is used to convert analog voltage to its corresponding digital output. The function of the analog to digital converter is exactly opposite to that of a DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER. Like a D/A converter, an A/D converter is also specified as 8, 10, 12 or 16 bit. Though there are many
Earlier, I had explained two DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS. Both of them have been designed for four inputs. But, if the number of inputs is more than four, the combination of output becomes more than 16. This makes the circuit more complex and the accuracy of the circuit reduces. Therefore, in critical and complex applications,
A D/A Converter is used when the binary output from a digital system is to be converted into its equivalent analog voltage or current. The binary output will be a sequence of 1’s and 0’s. Thus they ma be difficult to follow. But, a D/A converter help the user to interpret easily. Basically, a D/A
People nowadays use credit and debit cards in order to purchase products. The use of coins for buying small things is fast diminishing and the use of currency notes has become more useful for people. As a part of giving these coins its old fame, the Dutch government have decided to make their coins a
According to the reports since 2000, the increase in the number of cars has also increased the amount of accidents all over the word. In USA alone, the number of accidents is more than 110 million and almost 1 million of them have been highly fatal. This clearly shows that car crashes is one of
A lot has been explained about Nanotechnology and its various researches in CircuitsToday.com. In a study in ACS’s journal Scientists, another major advancement of Nanotechnology has been explained. According to the study, a new self-powered nano-device has been developed which has the ability to transmit data in wireless mode at very long distances. The device
LDO regulator / low dropout regulator LDO regulator means low dropout regulator. An LDO voltage regulator is just a DC linear voltage regulator which can be operated with a very small input-output voltage differential. This input output voltage differential is called dropout voltage. In simple words dropout voltage is the voltage dropped by the regulator
Switching regulator . Switching regulators work by drawing small amounts of energy from the input source and transferring it step by step to the output. This task is attained by using an electronic switch (operating at a predetermined frequency) which works like a gate between the input energy source and the output. This gate controls
The brain and heart may be the vital parts of our body, but the external force that controls the whole body is electricity. Electricity is responsible for the neuron firing and the transmission of current by the heart. The use of electrodes for the monitoring of various activities in our body has not yet been
With the help of researchers and biologists from the Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, the world’s first living laser has been developed. The laser, which emits a green light, has been obtained by coaxing single cells that includes special proteins that act as an optical amplifier. The figure below shows the microscopic image
Image From We have heard of a lot of approaches where the heat and unwanted stuffs from vehicles and factories are converted to useful energy. But, there has not been a well defined system till now that is able to convert all these wasted heat into useful energy with high efficiency rates. The
An op-amp is usually used as a comparator in cases where its speed and accuracy are not critical. As illustrated in the earlier post (OP-AMP COMPARATOR), the switching speed of the op-amp comparator can be improved and noise can also be eliminated. The offset problems can also be reduced by adding a voltage compensating network
This circuit is designed and submitted by Mr. Rakesh Bute. We are really thankful for his contribution. The circuit as explained by Rakesh: The design came from the interest of finding a new technique of analog to digital conversion. The two types of ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) that inspired me in the development of
