When audio signals are transmitted over thousands of kilometres through radio transmission, the audio frequencies that lie within the frequency range of 15 Hertz to 20 KiloHertz has very small signal power and thus cannot be transmitted via the antenna for communication purposes. The radiation of electrical energy is only possible at frequencies above 20 […]
CircuitsToday.com is introducing some simple LED circuits and projects which can be done even at home. These circuits and projects have already been tested and published along with circuit diagram, schematics, and a detailed working description for each one of them. Also go through the comment of each LED circuit article, so as to get
A PCB is used to connect electronic components electrically. This is done by making conductive path ways for circuit connections by etching tracks from copper sheet laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. A PCB consists of a conducting layer that is made up of thin copper foil. The insulating layer di-electric is laminated together with epoxy
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy The information we know about the inside of the Earth (which includes the outer solid crust, the viscous upper and lower mantle, the liquid outer core, and the solid inner core), depends on the tests done by researchers through indirect methods. The way in which the different metals inside the Earth respond
Microlattice Material When it comes to light weight materials, the first thing that comes to our mind is Thermocol. Since its discovery in the year 1941, it has been used in many applications that are suitable for the common man like small life raft, disposable coffee cups, cushioning material in packaging, and so on. Since
Controllability and Observability. Controllability and observability are two very important things related to state space analysis. There are many tests for checking controllability and obervability and these tests are very essential during the design of a control system using state space approach. Controllability. Controllability verifies whether is state variable is useful or not. It checks
In this article, we are listing all the best and useful op amp circuits we have published so far.The list features more than 25+ op amp circuits and projects which explore different applications of the operational amplifier IC. In addition to basic op amp circuits like the Differential amplifier, Inverting and Non-inverting amplifiers, Summing amplifier etc.,
State space analysis. State space analysis is an excellent method for the design and analysis of control systems. The conventional and old method for the design and analysis of control systems is the transfer function method. The transfer function method for design and analysis had many drawbacks. Drawbacks of transfer function analysis. Transfer function is
We are listing a curated collection of 555 Timer Circuits and Projects published in our site before. We have a large collection of simple and advanced projects using 555 Timer IC. In this article, we have handpicked some really useful 555 timer circuits which will be interesting to electronics engineering students and hobbyists alike. While
CircuitsToday is listing some of the latest electronic seminar topics that have already been published before. A small brief idea about the seminar topic is also given below so that you can choose the right one to present. 1. Working of MAGLEV Trains This seminar topic gives a detailed explanation about one of the world’s fastest
Luc Douay, a researcher at the Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris was successful in creating artificial red blood cells in a lab. The researchers were also able to inject it into a human and the results were positive without any side-effects. A healthy volunteer was first selected for the program, and his hematopoietic
For all electronic hobbyists out there, CircuitsToday is listing some of our own hobby electronic circuits for you. Most of these circuits have been tested by us. You can bring in your own modifications to the circuit. For beginners, these electronic hobby projects may be a little difficult. You can feel free to comment below
Summing amplifier using opamp. Summing amplifier is a type operational amplifier circuit which can be used to sum signals. The sum of the input signal is amplified by a certain factor and made available at the output .Any number of input signal can be summed using an opamp. The circuit shown below is a three
Instrumentation amplifier using opamp Instrumentation amplifier is a kind of differential amplifier with additional input buffer stages. The addition of input buffer stages makes it easy to match (impedance matching) the amplifier with the preceding stage. Instrumentation are commonly used in industrial test and measurement application. The instrumentation amplifier also has some useful features like
CircuitsToday is listing some free engineering mini projects that can be presented and designed by students for their exams. These mini projects are applicable for B-Tech/BE engineering students from various streams like Electronics and Instrumentation (EI), Electronics and Communication (ECE), Electrical Engineering (EEE), diploma and so on. Though the electronic circuits may look complex, they
Opamp inverting amplifier. An inverting amplifier using opamp is a type of amplifier using opamp where the output waveform will be phase opposite to the input waveform. The input waveform will be amplifier by the factor Av (voltage gain of the amplifier) in magnitude and its phase will be inverted. In the inverting amplifier circuit
Integrator circuit. An integrator circuit is a circuit in which the input waveform. An integrator circuit based on opamp is shown in fig1. Such a circuit is also termed as an integrating amplifier. The circuit is somewhat similar to an opamp inverting amplifier but the feedback resistor Rf is replaced by a capacitor Cf. The
Class D amplifier. Class D amplifier is a type of amplifier where the power devices (MOSFET or transistor) are operated as switches. There will be only two states (ON/OFF) for these switches and no time is wasted for the transition from one stage to another. The working of a class D amplifier is as follows.
List of Circuit design / analysis / simulation software Hello friends, I hope you all got benefited with our previous article on Electronic circuit drawing softwares . Today we are bringing you a great collection of circuit simulators – which are at the same time can be used for circuit drawing, circuit design and analysis
Electronics circuit diagram/schematic drawing softwares list This article is an attempt to list out all available softwares for circuit drawing. I have taken into consideration many criteria before making this list. You know there are free softwares, paid softwares, sharewares and there will be variations in quality of softwares, user friendliness, complexities etc. I have
As CircuitsToday had discussed before, the General Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) exam will be held on the 29th of January 2012, and also on the 12th of February, 2012. The former will be an online exam and the latter is an offline exam. The details about the GATE examination structure and the various centres
BA5417 stereo power amplifier. BA5417 is a stereo amplifier IC with a lot of good features like thermal shut down, standby function, soft clipping, wide operating voltage range etc. The IC can deliver 5W per channel into 4 ohm loud speakers at 12V DC supply voltage. The BA5417 has excellent sound quality and low THD
BA5406 stereo amplifier. BA5406 is a monolithic integrated stereo amplifier from ROHM semiconductors. It can deliver 5W per channel into a 4 ohm loudspeaker at 9V supply. Amplifiers based on BA5406 does not require an output coupling transformer and can be operated from a single supply. The operating voltage range is from 5 to 15V
60 watt amplifier STK4038. STK4038 is an integrated AF power amplifier that can deliver 60 watts of output power into a 4 ohm load. The internal fixed current circuitry reduces switch ON/OFF clicks. The IC supports the addition of external circuits for thermal shutdown, pop noise reduction, output short circuit protection etc. Description. The 60
Petman Boston Dynamics, an engineering company founded by Marc Raibert and his colleagues in the year 1992, have developed dynamic robots and its software for human simulation. Several innovations were made by them college life in Massachusetts Institute of Technology. They excelled in the field of robotics and developed robots that could run and
