Types of Relays In this article, the different types of relays like overload protection relay, solid state relay, solid state contactor relay, Buchholz relay, Mercury Wetted relay and many more are explained with diagrams. . In my earlier post I have alreaady explained the working of relays, and their design and construction. TAKE A LOOK […]
Relay Working In this article, the basics of a relay like energized relay and de-energized relay are explained in detail. Also, the design, construction, working, applications, and also relay selection is explained in detail. What is a relay? A relay is an electromagnetic switch that is used to turn on and turn off a circuit
Nowadays, people do not carry money for shopping. Instead, they carry an automated teller machine card, also known as ATM Card. When money is needed they go to the nearby ATM machine, insert their ATM card, and take the required amount. As these ATM machines are found in most of the supermarkets, towns, and even
Digital cameras are mainly classified according to their use, automatic and manual focus, and also price. Here are the classifications. 1. Compact digital cameras Compact cameras are the most widely used and the simplest cameras to be ever seen. They are used for ordinary purposes and are thus called “point and shoot camerasâ€. They are
I have already described about the working of a camera. Almost all the basics of this post have been explained there. Now let us know more about a digital camera, its working, and also advantages. The digital camera can be considered as an alteration of the conventional analog camera. Most of the associated components are
Since posts on Charge Coupled Device and CMOS Active Pixel Sensor have already been posted, it is time to know their comparison, advantages and disadvantages. Though both of them are equally used in cameras, there are some differences in parameters like gain, speed and so on. Comparison – Charge Coupled Device and CMOS Active Pixel
Active Pixel Sensor (APS) is an image sensor, made up of an array of pixel sensors. In these pixel sensors, each pixel sensor consists of a photo detector and an amplifier. Out of these APS, the most notable is the CMOS Active Pixel Sensor (CMOS APS). CMOS APS has great applications in cameras and also
Charge Coupled Device (CCD) – Definition CCD was developed in the year 1969 by Willard Boyle and George E. Smith at AT & T Bell Labs. It is a shift register device which can be used for the movement of electrical charge within the device. This movement can be from one area of the device
The work of a camera – photography is considered to be one of the greatest inventions of mankind. It has not only helped us see the entire world through a click, but has also transformed how people conceive the world. They can also be kept as a remembrance for the rest of our life. Camera
There are a lot of house hold electric stuffs that use transformers. For example, speakers, mobile or torch chargers, modems, cordless phones, radios and many more. Usually after their main use, e tend to keep them as it was, that is plugged. If you want to charge a mobile phone, you connect it to the
In our busy lives, cars are sought out to be one of the best modes of transportation. But, with the rising economy, people tend to buy cars that have better mileage. But still we think of trading cars with something that is cheaper when we look at the rising petrol costs. Though we do not
Studies have shown that the past decade had a rise in the number of cars to almost 500% than the previous one! This rise in cars has also been a major cause for the vast environmental pollution throughout the world. The introduction of electric cars has proved that they are very much environmental friendly and
Description. Here is a simple circuit for controlling the speed of DC operated PCB drills. The heart of this circuit is the ICLM3578 which is a very efficient integrated switching regulator that can be used for applications like this. The LM3578 has separate inverting and non inverting feedback inputs (pin1 and pin2), 1V internal reference
Description. Here is the circuit diagram of an opamp based subwoofer filter. Audio frequencies below 200Hz are considered to be in the subwoofer range. So a subwoofer filter will be essentially a low pass filter with a cut off frequency of 200Hz.The working of this straight forward circuit is as follows. The left channel of
The bipolar junction transistor is the one which amplifies a small change in input current to produce a large change in output current. Another type of transistor, called a field effect transistor (FET), converts a change in input voltage into a change in output current and thus the gain of an FET is measured by
Nowadays desktop PC’s are getting diminished due to the high demand for laptops. Though both desktops and laptops have the same specifications, the way they are put together is what makes them different. You can carry your laptops wherever you like and can also be run on battery unlike a desktop computer (though it runs
Description. This circuit is designed in response to a request made by Mr Vignesh. What he requested was a circuit for recording and playing voice. I think this circuit is enough for the purpose. This circuit is based on the IC ISD1020A from ISD. The ISD1020A is a CMOS single chip record/playback device. The chip
Working Of Inductors I have explained many articles on various electronic circuits, which shows applications of Inductors. But I have not explained the proper working of inductor till now. Inductors are used in many analog circuits and are also used along with capacitors for forming filter circuits and thus signal processing. They are also used
Description. Here is the circuit of a very simple transistor tester which used two LEDs for displaying the condition of a transistor. Both PNP as well as NPN transistors can be tested using this circuit. Quad 2 input CMOS NAND gate IC CD4011B is the heart of the circuit. Out of the four NAND gates
LCD – Working We always use devices made up of Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) like computers, digital watches and also DVD and CD players. They have become very common and have taken a giant leap in the screen industry by clearly replacing the use of Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT). CRT draws more power than LCD
Description. Here is the circuit diagram of a very simple and accurate electronic compass using the 1490 digital compass from Dinsmore. The 1490 digital compass is a solid state Hall Effect device which is sensitive to detect the Earth’s magnetic field. The sensor is internally damped to simulate the performance of an ordinary compass. The
We have always shown keen interest in buying the best electronic stuffs like CD’s, tapes and also computers. No one has bothered much to know about the quality of the speakers that bring the ultimate output. Even if any high end amplifier and other devices are used, it will all become a waste if the
Description. Here I present a very simple and powerful headphone amplifier using OPA134. In addition to the IC OPA134, the circuit uses only few passive components and can easily generate a lot of sound from even the most inefficient headphones and there will be no compromise for the quality. OPA134 is low noise, low distortion
Description. The circuit given here is of a very useful and accurate digital voltmeter with LED display using the ICL7107 from Intersil. The ICL7107 is a high performance, low power, 3.5 digit analog to digital converter. The IC includes internal circuitry for seven segment decoders, display drivers, reference voltage source and a clock. The power
As innovative ideas are introduced along with the technological boom, our communication methods are becoming more and more easier. We have seen devices communicating each other with the help of wires, cables, radio-signals, wireless and also infrared signals. Apart from these physical connections, there are also some protocols (a set of commands and responses) that
