Related Articles Integrated Circuits (IC) – Concept, Classification and Advantages Integrated Circuits-Merits and Demerits Classification of Integrated Circuits Monolithic IC Monolithic IC Manufacturing Process Monolithic IC-Component Fabrication Types of IC Packages For the protection of ICs from external environment and to provide mechanical protection and terminals for electrical connections, various types of packages are used. […]
The outstanding feature of an IC is that it comprises a number of circuit elements insepa¬rably associated in a single small package to perform a complete electronic circuit. We shall now see how various circuit elements (such as transistors, diodes, resistors etc.) can be fabricated in an IC form. 1.   Transistors  and Â
Related Articles Integrated Circuits (IC) – Concept, Classification and Advantages Classification of Integrated Circuits Integrated Circuits-Merits and Demerits Monolithic IC Monolithic IC-Component Fabrication IC Packages Production Process of Monolithic IC’s A monolithic IC is one in which all circuit components and their inter-connections are formed on a single thin wafer, called the substrate. The basic
Related Articles Integrated Circuits (IC) – Concept, Classification and Advantages Integrated Circuits-Merits and Demerits Classification of Integrated Circuits Monolithic IC Manufacturing Process Monolithic IC-Component Fabrication IC Packages Monolithic IC’s We have already discussed the basics of Integrated Circuits in our previous post. The concepts of a basic monolithic IC will be discussed here. To know
Related Articles Integrated Circuits (IC) – Concept, Classification and Advantages Integrated Circuits-Merits and Demerits Monolithic IC Monolithic IC Manufacturing Process Monolithic IC-Component Fabrication IC Packages An integrated circuit (IC) consists of several interconnected transistors, resistors, capaciÂtors etc., all contained in one small package with external connecting terminals. The circuit may be entirely self-contained, requiring only
Related Articles Integrated Circuits (IC) – Concept, Classification and Advantages Classification of Integrated Circuits Monolithic IC Monolithic IC Manufacturing Process Monolithic IC-Component Fabrication IC Packages Merits or Advantages of Integrated Circuits The integrated circuits offer a number of advantages over those made by interconnecting discrete components. These are summarized as follows: 1.Extremely small size—thousands times
Related Articles Integrated Circuits-Merits and Demerits Classification of Integrated Circuits Monolithic IC Monolithic IC Manufacturing Process Monolithic IC-Component Fabrication IC Packages Integrated Circuits (IC’s) The concept of IC was first introduced in the year 1958. Since then this concept has reached great technological heights than any other concepts and has helped in the miniaturization of
Ramp Generator Circuit-using 555 Timer IC We know that if a capacitor is charged from a voltage source through a resistor, an exponential waveform is produced while charging of a capaciÂtor from a constant current source produces a ramp. This is the idea behind the circuit. The circuit of a ramp generator using timer 555
A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) using the timer 555 is shown in figure. The circuit is sometimes called a voltage-to-frequency converter because the output frequency can be changed by changing the input voltage. As discussed in previous blog posts, pin 5 terminal is voltage control terminal and its function is to control the threshold and trigger
Are you familiar with the basics and applications of the 555 timer IC? Are you looking for a book that provides all these basics? If so, CircuitsToday has started an online store from where you can buy books on 555 timer IC, which have been reviewed in detail. You can go through the reviews and
In this article, we are explaining an astable multivibrator, often called a free-running multivibrator. An astable multivibrator can be designed using different types of components, say using transistors (and associated components) alone or by using op amps (and associated components). In this article, we are designing an Astable Multivibrator using 555 Timer IC. If you are
Block Diagram of 555 timer IC: Comparator 1 has a threshold input (pin 6) and a control input (pin 5). In most applications, the control input is not used, so that the control voltage equals +2/3 VCC. Output of this comparator is applied to set (S) input of the flip-flop. Whenever
Block diagram for the 555 timer is given in figure. As shown in the block diagram, a 555 timer consists of two comparators (simply op-amps), an R-S flip-flop, two transistors and a resistive network Resistive network consists of three equal resistors and acts as a voltage divider. Comparator 1 compares threshold voltage with a
The 555 timer combines a relaxation oscillator, two comparators, an R-S flip-flop, and a discharge capacitor. R-S Flip-Flop. A pair of cross-coupled transistors is shown in figure. Each collector drives the opposite base through resistance RB. In such circuit one transistor is saturated while the other is cut-off. For instance, if transistor Q1 is
The 555 Timer IC is available as an 8-pin metal can, an 8-pin mini DIP (dual-in-package) or a 14-pin DIP. This IC consists of 23 transistors, 2 diodes and 16 resistors. The explanation of terminals coming out of the 555 timer IC is as follows. The pin number used in the following discussion refers to
555 Timer IC-Block Diagram, Working, Pin Out Configuration, Data Sheet – A complete basic tutorial This article covers every basic aspect of 555 Timer IC. You may already know that SE/NE 555 is a Timer IC introduced by Signetics Corporation in 1970’s. In this article, we cover the following information about 555 Timer IC. 1.
JFETs and MOSFETs are quite similar in their operating principles and in their electrical characteristics. However, they differ in some aspects, as detailed below : JFETs can only be operated in the depletion mode whereas MOSFETs can be operated in either depletion or in enhancement mode. In a JFET, if the gate is forward biased,
How to protect IGBT from failures and breakdowns ? Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors are susceptible to gate insulation damage by the electrostatic discharge of energy through the devices. When handling these devices, care should be exercised to assure that the static charge built in the handler’s body capacitance is not discharged through the device. With
Introduction to IGBT-Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is a new high conductance MOS gate-controlled power switch. The fabrication process is similar to that of an N-channel power MOSFET but employs an N-epitaxial layer grown on a P+ substrate. In operation the epitaxial region is conductivity modulated (by excess holes and electrons)
All the testing methods below uses a multimeter and hence its How to test FET’s especially the JFET and MOSFET using a multimeter. How to test an FET ? FETs are checked by measuring different resistances by a multimeter. When resistance is checked between source and drain, it should be of the order of 10
MOSFET requires very careful handling particularly when out of circuit. In circuit a MOSFET is as rugged as any other solid-state device of similar construction and size. MOSFETs have an ultra-thin silicon dioxide layer between the channel and the gate. Because the insulating layer is so thin, it is easily destroyed by excessive gate source
All MOSÂ devices have insulated gates that are subject to voltage breakdown. For instance the gate oxide for Motorola CMOS devices is about 900 A thick and breaks down at a gate-source potential of about 100 V. To guard against such a breakdown from static discharge or other voltage transient, the protection networks shown in figure
Introduction to CMOS-Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET’s Complementary metal oxide semi-conductor devices are chips in which both P-channel and N-channel enhancement MOSFETs are connected in push-pull arrangement. The basic connections for CMOS are shown in figure. Above figure shows various CMOS connections especially N-channel and P-channel CMOS connections. In this circuit, two MOSFETs (P-channel MOSFET and
Power MOSFETs are usually constructed in V-configuration, as shown in figure. That is why, the device is sometimes called the V-MOSFET or V-FET. V-shaped cut penetrates from the device surface almost to the N+ substrate through N+, P and N~ layers, as seen from figure. The N+ layers are heavily doped, low resistive material, while
Cross-view of a dual-gate N-channel depletion type MOSFET is shown in figure. It acts as if two FETs are connected in series, as is obvious from figure. The middle block acts as drain for unit no 1 and source for unit no 2. Thus the current flow through the MOSFET is controlled by the voltage
